shilpakar jati sankatma शिल्पकर जाति सन्कतमा

lzNksf/ hflt ;ª\s6df

O{i6b]jsf] cl:tTj g} vt/fdf kg{]

k|sfz dfg lzNksf/

k|sflzt ldltM

@)^* r}q ^ ut]

lbJo rIf' ;fKtflxs

g]jf/ ;d'bfosf] d"nefiff ltAatL / ad]{nL efiff leqsf] elgPtf klg lnlR5ljsfnLg kl5 ;+:s[lt / dNnsfn kl5 d}ynL, v;, kmf/;L, pb"{ tyf cGo efiffefifLsf] ;+:s[lt ;d]t ;+of]hg x'+b} cfPsf] b]lvG5 g]jf/ efiff . g]jf/ efiffnfO{ g]kfn efiffsf] gfdn] ;Ddflgt ul/cfPsf] 5 . g]jf/ ;d'bfosf] cfkm\g} df}lns lnlksf] klg Joj:yf 5 . :d/0f/xf]; xfdL g]kfnLn] n]Vb} cfPsf] b]jgful/s lnlk xfd|f] df}lns lnlk xf]Og of] xfd|f] l5d]sL /fi6« ef/tsf] df}lns lnlk xf] . o; g]jf/ ;d'bfosf] df}lns lnlkx? dWo]sf /Ghgf lnlk ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3df k|:t't u/]/ g]kfnnfO{ Pp6f :jtGq ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg /fi6«sf] bhf{ lng / lbg xfdL g]kfnL ;kmn ePsf 5f}+ . laZjsf pTs;i7 lnlkx? dWodf xfd|f] /~hgf lnlk klg Ps kb{5g\ . of] xfdL ;d:t g]jf/ ;d'bfos} uf}/jflgs ljifo xf] eg] o; ljifodf xfdL ;d:t g]jf/ ;d'bfo ubub 5f}+ klg . oLg} g]jf/ ;d'bfo leq kg]{ gf} y/sf] ;+of]hgsf] ?kdf cfPsf] pbf; hflt leqsf] hflt eWosf] lzNksf/ hflt klg Ps xf] .

kl/ro -Introduction_M

lzlNk jf:t'sf/sf ?kdf kl/lrt lzNksf/ -l;+sMld_ ;d'bfo lnR5jLsfn, dNnsfn x'+b} zfxj+z / cfh u0ftflGqs o'u;Dd cfOk'Ubf ljleGg snfk|]dL, ljåfg, a'l4lhjL, /fhf, dxf/fhfx?n] ;d]t ljåfg lzNkL af:t'snfsfl/tfsf] ?kdf lnO{ cfˆgf] k/d ldq Pj+d ;Nnfxsf/x?sf] ?kdf lnO{ cfPsf] Oltxf;n] b]vfpF5 . of] ;d'bfo sf7df08f} pkTosfdf /x]sf] cGo /}yfg] ;d'bfo -hftL_ h:t} g]jf/ ;d'bfo leq kg]{ gf} y/sf] ;+of]hgsf] ?kdf dfgL cfPsf] pbf; -pbfo, p/fo\_ hftL leq /xL cfPsf] k/fk"j{ sfnb]lv k|:t'/ jf:t' sfi7snf, d"lt{snf Pj+ cfw'lgs lzNksnf -kmflg{r/_ sf] 1ftfsf ?kdf lzNksf/ -l;+sMld_ hflt kl/lrt 5g\ .

pbf; hflt -;d'bfo_ leqsf cGo ljleGg hfthftLx? x'g lznfsf/          -nf]xsMld_, tfd|fsf/ -tjM tdf]6_, l;v|fsf/ -cjfM_ s+;fsf/ -s;fM_, l;Gb'/fsf/   -l;+_, algofF, t'nfw/ / lznflns -dlwsMld_ tyf lzNksf/ -l;+sMld, sMld{_ ;d]t u/L gf} y/sf] ;+of]hgsf] ?kdf /xL dfgL cfPsf] pbf; ;d'bfo xf] eGg] dfGotf sfod eO{ cfPsf] 5 . pbf; ;d'bfo gf} y/sf] ;+of]hgsf] ?k xf] eGg] ljifodf cfh ;Dd s'g} a}1flgs cfwf/ tYox? k|:t x'g eg] ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . of] vf]hs} ljifo /x]sf] 5 . o; pbf; ;d'bfoleq k/]sf] dflg cfPsf] lzNksf/ -l;+sMld_ cflbsfn b]lvg} sfi7snf tyf jf:t'lzNksnfsf wlg x'g .

pTklQM

lzNksf/ hftLsf] pTklQ slxn] / sxfFaf6 eof] eGg] ;To tYo oxL g} xf] elg cfh;Dd s;}n] eGg g;lsPtf klg g]kfn d08nsf] hfqf, kj{, d7, dlGb/, P]ltxfl;s k'/ftflTjs b/jf/ cflbsf] cWoog u/L x]bf{ of] hftL cflbsfn b]lv g]kfn d08n -sf7df08f} pkTosf_ sf] cflbjf;L hghftL xf] eGg] b]lvG5g\ .

k/+k/fut d"n jf;:yfgM

lzNksf/ hftLsf] k/+k/fut d"n jf;:yfg eg]sf] g]kfn d08n -sf7df08f} pkTosf_ sf] axL, axfn, laxf/ cflb If]qsf glhs jf cf;kf; /xL cfPsf] kfOPsf 5g\ .

eQmk'/sf s]lx lzNksf/ kl/jf/x? vf; u/]/ eQmk'/ gu/ !& j8f ef/efrf] 6f]n l:yt >L /fwfs[i0f lzNksf/sf] 3/df cfu+BM /xL cfPsf lzNksf/ kl/jf/x? dNnsfnLg /fhf e"klGb| dNnsf zf;g sfngdf ªoftkf]n b]un -kfFrtNn] dlGb/_ / %% ‰ofn] b/jf/ lgdf{0fsf nflu /fh cf1f adf]lhd kf6gaf6 eQmk'/ cfO{ P]ltxfl;s lgdf{0f sfo{df ;+nUg eO{ ef/efrf] 6f]ndf :yfO{ a;f]af; u/L cfPsf] xf] eGg] cfu+BM 5]F sf 3/wgL tyf cGo a'9fkfsfx?sf] egfO{ /x]sf] kfOG5g\ .

cfw'lgs jf;:yfg / k]zfM

of] lzNksf/ hftL -;d'bfo_ cfhef]nL cfˆgf] k/+k/fut jf;:yfgaf6 cGoq sf7df08f} / sf7df08f} pkTosf aflx/ ljleGg :yfgdf a;fO{ ;/L :yfO{ a;f]af; u/L cfˆgf] ;d'bfosf] klxrfg lbO{ cfO/x]sf 5g\ . of] ;d'bfo sf7df08f} pkTosfsf] ljleGg /}7fg] ;d'bfo h:t}M g]jf/ ;d'bfoleq kg]{ ;d'bfo xf] . o; ;d'bfosf] dft[efiff g]kfn efif -g]jf/ efiff_ xf] . o; ;d'bfo k/fk"j{sfn b]lvg} jf:t' lzNksnf, sfi7snf / cfw'lgs sfi7snfsf] k]zf u/L cfPsf]df xfn cfP/ s]lx kl/jf/n] cfˆgf] k/+k/fut k]zfnfO{ kl/jt{g u/L ;d];fIf]k cGo cg's'n k]zfdf lj:yflkt e} uPsf] kfOG5g\ . @)!& ;fnsf] /fhg}lts kl/jt{g kZrft s]lx lzNksf/ kl/jf/x?n] cfˆgf] df}lns y/ lzNksf/nfO{ -df}lns klxrfg_ nfO{ kl/jt{g u/L cfPsf] b]lvG5g\ . lzNksf/ ;dfh lar wgL / u/Lasf] dte]baf6 b'i6 k|efljt eO{ Pp6} ;dfh Ps 7fpFdf a:g g;sL sf7df08f}sf clwsf+z lzNksf/ kl/jf/x?n] cfk'mnfO{ æ:yflktÆ sf] ?kdf kl/lrt u/fO{ cfPsf] kfOPsf] 5 eg] nlntk'/ kf6g / eQmk'/sf lzNksf/x?n] cfk'mnfO{ lzNksf/sf ?kdf g} cfk'mnfO{ kl/lrt -klxrfg_ u/fO{ cfPsf] kfOPsf] 5 .

;gftg wd{M

pbf; ;d'bfo clwsf+z a'4wd{ dfGg] af}4dfuL{ ePtf klg o; pbf; ;d'bfo leq kg]{ sZok -sflz_ uf]qsf o; lzNksf/ ;d'bfo eg] clwsf+z ;gftg wd{ lzj dfuL{ / j}i0fjL dfuL{ -lxGb' wdf{nDaL_ ePsf] kfOG5g\ . o; ;d'bfon] cfˆgf] hGdb]lv d/0f;Ddsf ljleGg ;+:sf/ tyf s'g} klg wd{ sd{sf sfo{df k/+k/fb]lv g} /fhfkfWofo -BMa|Dx"_ nfO{ k'/f]lxtsf] sfd u/fO{ cfPsf] 5 . lzNksf/ ;d'bfo lxGb" wdf{nDaL xf] eGg] k|df0f oL g} x'g\ . sZok -sflz_ uf]qsf o; lzNksf/ ;d'bfon] eujfg >L ljZjsdf{nfO{ cfˆgf] s"n u"?sf] ?kdf dfgL cfPsf] kfOG5g\ eg] cfˆgf] s"n /Iffsf] nflu dflq zlQmx? -ci6dflqsf_ k'Hg] u/L cfPsf 5g\ . o; hftLleq klg cGo hftL ;d'bfodf h:t} ljleGg pkgfdsf] ;d"xx? /x]sf kfOPsf 5g\ . pkgfdsf] ;d'x cg';f/ cf–cfˆgf] pkgfdsf] ;d'xsf] klxrfg cg';f/ s"nb]jtfsf] df]x8f ljleGg lbzftkm{ /x]sf] kfOPsf 5g\ .

;+:s[ltM

g]jf/ hftLx? dWo] tflGqs lbIff -b]vf_ glnsg sf]lx klg cfˆgf] Oi6 b]jtfsf] sf]7fdf -cf+uBM sf]7fdf_ k|j]z gkfpg] zfSo, ah|frfo{ / pbf; hftL dWo] o; lzNksf/ hftLsf] lardf klg cfrfo{ -cfrfh'_ af6 tflGqs ljlwjt lbIff -b]vf_ gflnPsf sf]lx klg cf–cfˆgf] Oi6b]jtf -cf+uBM_ sf] k'hf cr{gf / bz{g ug{ ;d]t k|j]z gkfpg] k/+k/fut k|fjwfg ePaf6 cfˆgf] O{i6b]jtfsf] k'hf cr{gf tyf bz{g ug{ ;d]t gofF k':tfsf clwsf+z lzNksf/x? a+lrt /xg'kg]{ eO{/x]sf 5g\ . cfˆgf] O{i6b]jsf] k'hf cr{gf / bz{g ug{ gkfpFbf gkfpFb} klg gofF k':tfsf lzNksf/x? lbIff  -b]vf_ lng cu|;/tf u/]sf] b]lv+b}gg\ . b]vf lnPkl5 rf]vf] lgTo eO{ lgTosd{ u/L lgoldt hkWofg ug]{ emGem6 ;a} cfk'mnfO{ 6f9f /fVg rfx]sf] b]lvG5g\ h;sf sf/0f eljiodf uP/ cfu+BM -O{i6b]j_ sf] cl:tTj g} vt/fdf kg]{ cj:yf k|:t b]lv/x]sf 5g\ t/ cfkjfbsf] ?kdf s]lx oLg} lzNksf/ ;d'bfodf eg] cfu+BM sf]7fdf k|j]z ug{ lbIff -b]vf_ lng} kg]{ afWotf /x]sf] k/+k/f b]lv+b}gg\ . b]vf lagf cfu+BM sf]7fdf k|j]z ug{ gkfpg] k/+k/fut k|fjwfg /x]sf] o; lzNksf/ ;d'bfosf] cfu+BM sf] k'hf ug{ sf/0fjz b]vf lnPsf lzNksf/ kl/jf/ ;b:o gePsf] cj:yfdf tn]h' -t'nhf_ af6 vltPsf cfrfo{ -cfrfh'_ af6 k'hf u/fpg] k/+k/f /xL cfPsf] 5 .

cfu+BM sf]7fdf k|j]z ug{ kfpg] k|j]z cf1fkqsf] ?kdf /x]sf] b]vf / lzNkL lzNksf/x?sf] >[hgf sfi7snf ;+u lgs} dxTjk"0f{ / uxlsnf] ;DaGw /x]sf] s'/f a'9fkfsfx?sf] egfO{ /x]sf] kfOPsf] b]lvG5g\ . lzNkL lzNksf/ a'9fkfsfx?sf] egfO{ cg';f/ b]vf lnPsf lzNkL lzNksf/af6 >[hgf ul/Psf sfi7snfdf hlt lhjGt b]Vg / x]g{ kfOG5 Tolt b]vf glnPsf cGo lzNkL lzNksf/af6 >[hgf ul/Psf sfi7snf / k|:t'/ d"lt{x?df vf; Tolt /fd|f] lhjGt b]Vg kfpFb}gg\ eGg] kf/vL cfFvf ePsf a'9fkfsfx? atfpg] ub{5g\ . sfi7snf / k|:t/ d"lt{x? >[hgf ubf{ cGo ;Dk"0f{ efux?df lzNksnfsf] lhjGt lbg ;kmn ePtf klg d'lt{sf] cg'xf/ b[li6df b]vf glnPsf lzNkL lzNksf/af6 k"0f{ lhjGt snf lbg ;ls+b}gg\ eGg] kl/kSj a'9fkfsfx?sf] egfO{ /x]sf] kfOG5g\ . To:t} lxGb" lzNkL lzNksf/n] >[hgf u/]sf lzNksnf / a'l4:t lzNkL lzNksf/n] >[hgf u/]sf lzNksnfdf klg leGgtf /x]sf] 5 eGg] a'9fkfsfx?sf] egfO{ kfOPsf 5g\ . P]ltxfl;s k'/ftflTjs sfi7snf / lznfsf k|:t/ d"lt{x?sf] k|To]s cg'xf/ tyf b[li6df lzNksnfsf] lhjGt /x]sf] b]Vg / x]g{ xfdL ;S5f}+ . lzNksf/ hftLaf6 cnu eO{ :yflkt gofF klxrfg lbO{ hfg'kg]{ sf/0fx? dWo] of] klg Pp6f b]lvg cfpF5g\ .

b]zsf] snf ;+:s[ltnfO{ lhjGt ?k lbO{ la1 / snfsf/sf ?kdf kl/lrt eO/x]sf klxnf klxnfsf lzNkL l;+sMld_ gfOs]x? -jf:t'ljåfgx?_ cfhsf cfw'lgs efiffdf æcfls{6]sÆ klxnf b]lv cfhsf] a}1flgs o'u @! cf}+ ztfJbL;Dd klg cfˆgf] lzNksnfsf] 1fg cfˆgf ;Gtltx?nfO{ x:tfGt/0f ub}{ lhjGt /fVg ;kmn eO/x]sf 5g\ . jf:t'lzNksnfsf wlg /fli6«o lje"lt c/lgsf] h:tf afh]a/fh'sf kfnfb]lv cfˆgf] k/+k/fut k]zfnfO{ g:t x'g glbsg b]zsf] uf}/a a9fpg] b]lv lnP/ cfh;Dd cfˆgf] lzNksnf lhjGt /fVg lzNksf/ ;d'bfo ;kmn eO/x]sf 5g\ . cfh b]zdf j+zut lzNkL lzNksf/ dfq xf]Og c+luj[mt lzNkLx? -u}x| lzNksf/x?_ n] lzNkL k]zfnfO{ c+ufnL cfPsf b]lvG5g\ .

;of}+ aif{ cuf8L lzNkL lzNksf/ Pj+ lznfsf/ ;d'bfosf afh] a/fh'x?n] b'Mv si6 u/L cfˆgf xftn] >[hgf u/]/ w/f]x/sf] ?kdf xfdLnfO{ 5f8L uPsf] ljZj ;Dkbf ;"rLdf ;d]t k/]sf ;'k|l;4 P]ltxfl;s k'/ftflTjs snfTds w/f]x/dWo] eQmk'/sf] %% ‰ofn b/jf/, ªoftkf]n b]un, rfFu'gf/fo0f dlGb/, sf7df08f}sf] xg'dfg9f]sf b/jf/, tn]h' -t'nhf_ ejfgLsf] dlGb/, gf}tNn] b/jf/, b]zo\ d? ‰ofn, kf6gsf] j[mi0f dlGb/, kf6g b/jf/ ljleGg :yfgsf] dlGb/x?df >[hgf ul//fv]sf] rf}/f;L cf;g o'Qm 6'8fn cflb / g]kfnsf] ljleGg :yfgdf /x]sf] sfi7snf tyf lznfsf k|:t/ snfTds d7 dlGb/x? cfh ljZj ;fd' xfdL g]kfnLnfO{ klxrfg u/fO/x]sf 5g\ .

Oltxf;sf] ljleGg sfnv08df zf;sx?sf] g'gsf] ;f]emf] / akmfbf/L ub}{ zf;sx?n] yf]kf/]sf] ;+:sf/, ;+:s[lt, ljlw Jojxf/, wd{ / k/+k/fnfO{ lz/f]k/ tyf cfb]znfO{ kfngf ub}{ g]kfn d08nsf] ljleGg :yfgx?df lzNkL -l;+sM ld_ lzNksf/ / nf]xFsMld lznfsf/ hftL -;d'bfo_ x?n] cf–cfˆgf] lzNkL kf}/vL xftn] ct'ngLo snfTds >[hgf k|lt:yfkgf u/L cfˆgf ;GtltnfO{ cf–cfˆgf] klxrfgsf] 5fk 5f8L uPsf oyfy{tf s;}af6 n's]sf] 5}gg\ .

oLg} lzNkL ;d'bfox?sf] snfTds k'/ftflTjs >[hgfnfO{ cjnf]sg ug{ cfPsf ljb]zL kfx'gfx?af6 /fHon] b}lgs s/f}8f}+ ?k}ofF cfDbfgL ub}{ cfPsf] oyfy{tf klg s;}af6 n's]sf] 5}gg\ . h'g k'vf{sf] /ut kl;gfaf6 >[hgf ePsf snfTds w/f]x/n] /fHosf] cfDbfgL dfq eO/x]sf 5}gg\ clkt' ljZj;fd' b]znfO{ g} klxrfg u/fO{ /x]sf 5g\ . cfh pgs} ;Gtltx?sf] klxrfg lalng x'g] cj:yfdf k'u]sf 5g\ . cyf{t uf}/jdo lzNkL lzNksf/ / lznfsf/sf] ?kdf /xL cfPsf] cfˆgf] klxrfg cfh cfP/ lzNkL HofdL -dhb"/_ sf ?kdf dfglrqdf klxrfg l;ldt x'+b} lalng} x'g] cj:yfdf k'u]sf] b]lvG5g\ . cfˆgf] klxrfg g} ljlng x'g] cj:yfdf k'u]sf] lzNkL ;d'bfosf] P]ltxfl;s klxrfgnfO{ lhjGtkf/L /fVg of] lzNkL ;d'bfosf] k'vf{sf] afx'ann] >[hgf u/]/ ljZj ;Dkbf ;'rLdf k/]sf P]ltxfl;s k'/ftflTjs snfTds w/f]x/x?sf] cjnf]sg af6 p7]sf] cfo;|f]t dWo]af6 s]lx c+z of] lzNkL hftL -;d'bfo_ sf] hftLo cl:tTj, xs, clwsf/, klxrfgsf] ;+/If0f Pj+ pTyfg ug{sf lgDtL d]xgtf (Royalty) lbg] Joj:yf /fHon] ug'{ kb{5 .

cfhsf] gofF g]kfndf ;a} If]qaf6 cf–cfˆgf] hftLo cl:tTj, xs, clwsf/, klxrfg / pTyfg cflbsf] nflu cfjfh p7fO/x]sf] cj:yfdf o; lzNkL lzNksf/ / lznfsf/ hftL -;d'bfo_ n] klg d]xgtf (Royalty) sf] dfu ug'{df cGo s;}n] cGoyf ;f]Rg' kg]{ cj:yf ;d]t b]lvGb}gg\ . o; ;d'bfon] cfˆgf] hftLo klxrfgsf] ;jfndf cfjfh p7fpg' kg]{ ;dosf] dfu xf] . o; ;dodf klg cfˆgf] cl:tTjsf lglDt lzNksf/ / lznfsf/ hftL -;d'bfo_ x? ;s[o gePsf] v08df cfˆgf] klxrfgnfO{ ;a};fd' /fVg g;Sg] cj:yf cfpg]5g\ ;fy} lzNksf/ / lznfsf/x?nfO{ 7"nf] ;+st cfpg ;Sg] cj:yfnfO{ dgg u/]/ o; ;d'bfosf cu'jfx?n] rf;f] /fv]/ tg dg wgn] dha't eP/ cuf8L a9g' kg]{ cj:yf 5 .