lzNksf/ ;d'bfo M
5u' Dx;Lsf
emLu' :jlguM
lGxkf}
efu -!_ g]=;+=!!#@
u'FnfYj !#
÷@)^( >fj0f !^ d+unafM
efu -@_ g]=;+= !!#@ u'FnfYj !$÷@)^( >fj0f !& a'wafM
efu -@_ g]=;+= !!#@ u'FnfYj !% u+"lGx ÷@)^( >fj0f !*
lalxafM
!= Gx\oMvF M
g]kfM b]o\ yLyL hft, hftL , wd{, snf , ;+:s[llt j ljlw Jjo jxf/o fgfd+
hfu' b]o\ vM . g]kfM b]o\of hftL afo\ ;d'bfo\ dWo g]jfM ; dd'bfo\ b'g] nd'
u'+u' y/of ;+of]hgof ?ko\ dfg]h'of jofRj+u' pbfo\-pbf;_ hflt b'g]nfu'
cflbsfn+lg;]+ l;+Hofoft x] yMu' d"nhufMof ?ko\ 5\onf jofRj+lk+ afo\
sfi7snfof lzko\ nuo\ h'of\Rj+lk+ cem :kitsy+ wfo\u' x] v;f k'::tf} k':tflg;]+
x] sfi7ksnfof l;+Hof-l;+ a[\TtfHof ofofOlk+_ ofOlk+ >lds ju{ lznksf/
-sMld,ll;+sMld,:yflkt_tM vM . wfo\t]gfu' 5' wf;f g]kfn d08n b'g] g]jfM hflt
;d'bfono\ sfi7snf-l;+ a'Ttf Hof of Hof ofOlk+ >lds ju{of y/-Hfft_ lzNksf/ vM
. Yj vF g]kfMof lnR5ljsfnLg j dNnsfnLg Oltxf;of gfk+ P]ltxfl;s nfo\s'
–b/jf/_,d7 ,b]o\uMj hfqf kj{tM cWoogofgf b'jfnf ;f]twf;f k|itx] vg]b' .
g]jfM ;d'bfo\of u+'u g hft hfltof Dxl;sf-kl/ro\_ laano\ afo\ vF Nxfo\
ano\ g]jfM ;d'bfo\of vF dNxfoo\u' afo\ Dxl;sf Dlau'v;f Dxl;sf lau'Hof
k"jlg x] dv' . 5fo\wf;f g]jfM 5u' hft afo\ y/-;d'bfo\_ hs dv'ls g]kfMof x]
kof{ojfrL Dxl;sf vM . wfo\t]gfu' 5' wf;f g]jfM wofu' hft afo\ ;d'bfo\ hs dv'ls
g]kfMof 5u' /fli6otf x] vM . g]kfM Plss/0f Gx\oM o]+ :jflguMoft
g]kfM-g]kfnd08n_ j g]kfM-g]kfn d08n_ b'go\ a;f]jf; ofgfRj+lk+ Gx\ofu' x] hft
hflt afo\ ;d'bfo afo\ wdf{nDaLtotM g+ g]jfM x] wfO{u' vM . Yj vF Oltxf;+
k|itx]ofgftu' vg]b' . g]jfM g]kfMof P]ltxfl;s Dxl;sf vM .cno\ g]jfM /fli6otf
b'g] pQ/ rLg j blIf0f ef/tof Oltxf;oft gfk+ ;dfof]hg ofof+ yMu' df}lns
cl:tTjoft Dxl;sf lakm'u' zlQm ;dflxt b' . 5u' /fi6 ;+rfng ofo\tM dfu' hft,hflt,
wd{, ;+:s[lt ;+of]hg g]jfM /fli6otf b'g] ;dflxt b' .
g]jfM ;d'bfo\of d"efo\ ltAalt j ad]{nL efiff b'g]of wfo\u' of;fg+
ln\\\\\\R5ljwsfn lnkf ;+:s[lt j dMNnsfn lnkf d}ynL, v;, kmf/;Ll, pb'{ j d]d]u'
efiff efifLof ;+:s[lt gfk+ ;dfof]hg h'h'+ ju' vg]b' . g]jfM efo\oft
g]kfnefiffof gfd+ ;dflgt ofgf jofRj+u' b' . g]jfM ;d'bfo\of yMu' x] df}lns
lnlk-cfvM_of g+ Joj:yf b' . n'd+sflb;+ emL g]kfMldto\;+ 5]nfjnf-rf]of_jofRjgfu'
b]agful/s lnlk-cfvM_ emLu' yMu' df}lns lnlk dv' . Yjnf emL hnfvnf-l5d]sL_ /fi6
ef/tof df}lns lnlk vM . g]jfM ;d'bfo\of df}lns lnlk -g]kfn cfvM_ M¬¬ /Ghgf, e'lhdf]n, s'df]n, Sjo\df]n, uf]ndf]n, kfr'df]n, lxdf]n,
lnt'df]n, j k|rlnt g]kfn lnlk cflbtM vM . Yj x] g]kfn cfvMof /Ghgf lnlk ;+o'\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\Qm
/fi6 ;+3o\ k|:t't-btf{_ofgf g]kfMoft 5u' Aofun+ :jtGq ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg /fi6of
bhf{ sfo\t j aLs]t emL g]kfMld ;kmn h'u' b' .;+;f/] x] gf+hfu' - la:jof pTs[i7 _
lnlk dWo emLu' g]kfn cfvM /Ghgf lnlk lgu'u' yf;o\ nfgfRj+u' b' . Yj emL ;sn
g]jfM ;d'bfo\of x] uf}/aof vF vM . Yj vFo\ ;sn emL g]jfMt no\tf .
g]jfM Dx;Lsf wofu' g]jfM to\;+ sM3fgf jofRj+u'
tlhnlh vM . g]jfM tlhnlh w}u' g]jfM ;d'bfo\of la:s+u' l/ltlylt lalwJojxf/ jf
cfr/0f vM . uy]sL
-s_ ;gftg
z}a dfuL{, a}Z0faL lxGb" j af}4wdf{nDaL bSj+ ;d'bfo] sf}nfuf cfd} s'Gx'
axMgL nIdLBM k"hfofou' k/Dk/f b' . Yj k/Dk/f sy+ emL g]jfMto\;+ nIdLBM
k'hfofO{an] k"+ -lrqsf/_ to];+ rf]oftMu' jf 5fk]ofgftMu' nIdLBM gfk+
t'o"Dx Vofof lskf b'u' nIdLkfM oft nIdLBM efMlkof 9's'6L tof k]tf wf;fM
-nf P]nf ªof, VoF_ b'u' Ejo\Aj 5fof k"hfoOu' lylt b' . hasL lxGb"
zf:q :jo]u' v;f nIdLBMoft nf P]nf rn]dh' .
-v_ nIdLk"hf+
sGx] s'Gx' s5fnYj kf? -g]=;+=Gx"bF -sflt{s v'Ns kIf k|ltkbf_ s'Gx'
cfTdfk"hfof?k] emL g]jfMto] DxMk"hfofodf . Yj g g]jfM Dx;Lsf vM .
-u_ cy]x]
lrNnfuf rx|] -r}qs[i0fkIf rt'b{zL_ kfxfFrÅ] s'Gx' o]+of g]jfMto]
n"s"+ dfBM -dxfb]a_ oftM k]tf3f;fM tMof EjoAj 5fof k'Hofo\df .
lxGb" zf:q :jo]u' v;f dfBM -dxfb]j_ oft nf, P]nf, Yj+ rn]h'u' vg]db' .
co;f+ n"s"+ dfBM -dxfb]j_ oft nf, P]nf ;lxtof k]tf3f;fM tMof Ejo\Aj
5fof k"Hofo]dfu' g]jfM tlhnlh x] g]jfM Dx;Lsf vM .
-3_ cy]x]
`nfuf kf? -cflZj0f z'NskIf k|ltkbf_ s'Gx' gn:jfF lg:jgf ci6dL, gjdL s'Gx' g]jfM
lylt sy+ k'Hofofgf bzdL s'Gx' rfn+ofgf kfof]Gxofsf df]xgL gvM xg]u' g]jfM lylt
b' . u}x| g]jfMto] ;KtdL s'Gx' k'mnkftL b'sfodfu' lylt b' . emL g]jfMto]
k'mnkftL b'sfo]Djf . u}x| g]jfM to] Yj
gvMoft lahof bzdL -bz}of_ ?k] xlg wf;f
emL g]jfMt] df]xgLgvM of?k] xgL . Yj g g]jfM Dx;Lsf of df}lns tlhnlh vM .
-ª_ g]jfM
ld;fdrfto]tM GofbF jf GxobFo\ a}lbs lylt sy+ ;'j0f{s'df/ -lx/0ok'?if_ ?lk gfk+
a]nlajfx ofgf afnljjfx k|yf la?4 5u' qmflGtsf/L knf Gxofsf g]jfM ld;fto]tM
uan]x] lawjf dh'Ou' æOlxÆ lylt sM3fgf jofRj+u' b' . g]jfM Dx;Lsf laof jofRj+u'
g]jfM lylt dWo Ya Olx k|yf 5u' tMw+u' x] la:o+u' lylt vM . cy]nf g]jfM ;d'bfo
b'g] x] g uf]kfnL, Bnf, zfxL –- gfoM, gfo\, v8\uL _ gfk+ 5'+ hftL pkhftLof Olx
kfo\dfu' lylt db' . zfxL -gfoM_ afx]s d]d]u' hflt+ yf}sGx] b]vfl;ls Yj Olx k|yf
ofgf xu' vg] b' . zfxL –- gfoM, gfo\, v8uL_ hftL+ yf}ts g Yj k|yf 5fo gfnfdofu'
vM wOu' vFof Gxo;n] lhlk+ /fhk't l;+x h'u'ln+ Olx ofo\dfu' lylt db' wof hftLo
klxrfg j tlhnlhof Gxo;n] lrGtlzn h'of lbDx l;GxF:jfF vNnof k"j{ gfoM
-cWoIf_ efh' afdg zfxL j efh' lagf]b zfxL tou' ln; vg] b' - Olx g]jfM lylt
;Gwf 6fOD;, lGxkf} g]=;+=!!#@ l;NnfYj !# cfOtjfM_.
g]jfM ;+:sf/] drfa'nls+, ef}drf b'sfnls+
j dg' l;Q wf;fM g]jfM wfld{s ;+:sf/ sy+ yMyMu' Onfsf 5\jf;] - 5\jf; clhdfofo\_
btf{ jf ;"r+ ladfu' lylt vg] b' . g]kfn] @)## ;fn kfv] ltlg JolQmut 36gf
:yflgo k~hLsfclwsf/Lyfo\ btf{ofo\ dfu' P]g sfg"g lkxf+ ju' vM . cy];f+ g]jfM
;dfh] g]jfM ;dfh lasfzof O{ ln;+ x] g]jfM ;dfh b'g] ;'ofF drfa'n wfn;f drflg;]
df+of drf5]+g lkxfF ju' lk -;fn, gfn_ wf}EoMrfo dMtof plsof Bg] lk -;fn, gfn_
tof yMu' Onfsf 5\jf;] -5\jf;M clhdfo\_ to o+s]dfu' clgjfo{tf b' . Yj 5u' drfa'n
w}u' 5\jf; clhdfoft ;"r+ lau' jf btf{ofo\ u' ;+:sf/ vM . cy]nf yf}sGx]
;s:of ;'/lIft ?k+ drfa'Os]t c:ktfn] o+s]u' rng h'u' ln+ k/Dk/fsy+ lk -;fn, gfn_
5\jf;] jfou' tgf jg . cy]x] g]jfM ;dfh] ;'ofF 5]+ Gx"Dx ef}drf b'sfO{an]
eDrfoft b'ln+÷df]6/+ SjsofM dfh'+ jf ysfln gls+ g Rjsfalh KoVo/+ x\jnf 5jO{ Yj
lylt clh clhdflk+tM 5]+ eDrf b'xf+jnfwsf ;"r+ laOu' vM . cy]x] Gx'Dx eDrf
j JofofDx sfo\efh' -lgDxltk'ln+_ g]jfM
lylt sy+ 5kf yfoe'O{ gof afls No+u' lrk g;f Hjn+ 5\jf;] -5\jf;M clhdfyfo\_
jfo\o+ls jf 5fo\o+ls . Yj g 5u' 5\jf;M clhdfoftM 5]+ eDrf b'txog wof wfld{s
cf:yf j laZjf; sy+ 5\jf; clhdfoft ;"r+ lju' jf btf{ ofou' x] vM . cy]x]
;'ofF 5]+ ;'+ dg" l;Qls+ 5]+ hM lk;+ jof nf;f, ;"s", l;Dxl;of
j;, t'lkm cflb ;/hfd 5u' lkrf -lrlrk'u' k+ g bosftMu' yn _ o tof yMlklg nfufof
5\jf;] Vj VjF jfo\o]+sf lhld 5]F of kmnfgf hM
dGtwsf 5\jf;M clhdfoft ;"r+ lau' Hof ofO .
dg"of y'u' rf]nf Tjt]j+
pDx]:of+ yMlklgu' s'n /Iff j pGgltof lglt+ yLyL nfufo\ j yfoyf;o\ RjgfM /Iff
ofgfRjgL wofu' vFo\ g]jfMto\ cf:yf j ljZjf; b' . clh, clhdf, chf, cfhfh' jf
lbu'- b]u' _'BM -s'nb]jtf_ s'no\ xg]axMlk+ k"j{htM vM . u'Dx]l;t BM efMkfM
k"hf ofo\u', bFo] 5s;f+ pldu' u'0foft n'd+sf hfqf Gofs]u' jf gvM rvM an]
k'Hofgf xgf efu kG5ofo\u' k/Dk/f yf}tsg Nogf Rj+u' x] b' . yfo\yf;o\ Rj+lk clh,
clhdf, chf, cfhfh' -e}nB, e}/a_ j yMyMu' b'u'BM -s'nb]jtf_ oftM g]jfM to\;+ yM
k"j{hsy+ xgf jofRj+u' b' .
g]=;+=
%)! Gxots yg g]kfMn] hftLo ljefhg vg] db'
. g]=;+= %)! bFo\ hol:ylt dNn+ g]kfMof cflbjf;L g]jfM j lnkf g]kfM ufn]
k|j]z h'lk+ ;d'bfog+ ldn]ofgf ^$ u' hft hftL g+ b'Yofsf hft ljefhgofgf hflto\ s||d Joj:yfofgf hftLo
5'jf5'6 yhfu' s';+:sf/ nfb]oftM cj]n]lg;] yg g]jfM b'g] g+ yLyL hft hftL bofju'
vg] b' -g]jfMto\ df}lna Dx;Lsf –;+Gwof 6fOD; lGxkf} g]=;+= !!#@ rf}nfYj ^÷ @)^*
r}t !% a'wafM j g]jfM –emLu' :jlguM lGxkf}– g]=;+= !!#@ lrNnfuf !@ ÷ @)^* r}t
^_ . Yj x] g]jfM ;d'bfo\ b'g] nfu' u'+u' y/of ?ko \dfg]h'ofRj+u' pbfo\ hftL
b'g]of hftLtM dWoof lzNksf/ hftL g 5u' vM .
@= Dxl;sf M
lzNkL jf:t''sf/of ?ko\
Dxl;sf-kl/lrt h'of_ laofjofRj+u' lzNksf/-sMld, l;+sMld, :yflkt_ ;d'bfo\
lnR5lasfn, dNnsfn,h'h'+ zfx a+z j ,yf}of u0ftfGqLso'u ts jano\ yLyL lzNksnfk|]dL, la4fg, a'l4lhla, /fhf, dxf/fhfto\;+ gfk+
laWb\jfg lzNkL af:t' snfsfl/tfof ?ko\ sof yMu' :ofMkf;f j lxt]ifLof gfk+ ;Nnfxsf/of
?ko\ sof ju' Oltxf;+ vg]b' . Yj ;d'bfo\ o]+ :jlguMno\ b'u' d]d]u' /}yfg]
;d'bfo\-hflt_y] x] g]jfM ;d'bfo\ b'g] x] nfu' u'+u' y/of ;+of]hgof ?ko\ sofju'
pbfo\-pbf;_ hflt b'g] nfu' k/fk"jk{sfnlg;]+ k|:t/ af:t' sfi7snf,
d"lt{snf cno\ cfw'lgs lzNksnfof 1ftfof ?ko\ lzNksf/ hflt kl/lrt b' .
pbfo\ hflt-;d'bfo\_b'g]of d]d]lk+ yLyL hft hflttM yy]vM
lzNnfsf/-nf]xFsMld_, tfd|sf/-tjM_, l;v|fsf/-cjfM_, s+;fsf/-s;fM_,
l;Gb'/fsf/-l;+_, algofF, t'nfw/ j lznflns, dlwsMld_of gfk+ lzNksf/-sMld,
l;+sMld, :yflkt_ofgf u'+u' hftof ;+of]hgof ?ko\ dfg] h'ofju' pbfo\ ;d'bfo\ vM
wO{u' dfGotf sfo\d h'of ju' vg]b' . cy];f+ pbfo\ u'+u' hftof ;+of]hgof ?k vM
wOu' vFof 5'+ a}1flgs cfwf/ tYotM k|:t h'Okm'u'wf;f db'GL . Yj 5u' vf]hof-jfnf
:jo\u'_oflaifo h'u' b' . g]jfM ;d'bfo\of Yj x] pbfo\ ;d'bfo\ b'g]\ nfu' wof
dfGotf sfo\d h'ofjofRj+u' lzNksf/ hflt
cflbsfnlg;]+ x] sfi7snf j af:t'snfof wlg vM .
-s_ lzNksf/ vFUjof pTklt M
yMyMu' dffg;k6no\ n'of ju' lzNk j
snfoft ;Lkof dfWod+ cfsf/ la km'u' v'AlLb'u'ln+ x] lzNk±cfsf/ÖlzNksf/ h'j+u' vM
wOu' yg dfGotf b'u' vg]b' . lzNksf/
;d'bo\to;+ yMu' Jojxf/Ls vFNxfaNnfo\ yMt sMld vnM affo\ l;+sMld vnM wof j;f
g+ cflwsf/Ls lnvto\ Gxfkflg;]+ x] lzNksf/ vFUj x] 5]nfanfofgf jofRj+u' b' .
y'lsof b;' vM emL k'vf{to\u' kfn+lg;]+ x] yf}ts emLu' hftM-hGdkqLsf_no\ emLu'
hft afo\ y/ lzNksf/ vFUj x] 5]nfjofRj+u b' . cy];f+ /fHo+wf;f Gxfkf+lg;] x]
lzNksf/to\t l;sMld afo\ l;sMld{ wsf sf]lr+s]u' ofgfju' b' . lzNksf/ vFUj pNn]v h'ofRj+u' cfMtsof
n'ofju' k'nf+u' lznfn]v eWo o]F lsk'ln hutkfn dxflaxfo/of lrn+Rj r}To Rj+u'
KoDx tf/fofu' NjxFof k|:t/ d"lt{snf bo\s'Dx lzNkLsf/of gf+ Æ /fwa ef/f]
lzNksfnÆg]=;+=&(# lzNnf clen]v vM –-lzNksf/ hflt Gx\oMg] jo]dfn ;+GWof
6fO{D; lGxkf} g]=;+= !!#! onfuf ^÷@)^* c;f]h $ a'wafM_ .
-v_ lzNksf/ hfltof cl:tTj M
g]kfn ;+Dat %)! bFo\ hol:ylt dNn+ g]kfMof cflbjf;L g]jf j lnkf g]kfM
ufn] b'xf+ jlk+ lyly ;d'bfo\ g ldn]ofgf ^$ u' hftf hflt b'Yofsf
hflto\ laefhg ofjn] j0ff{>sy+ pbfo\ wfMlklgu' hflto\ ;d'bo\of kj}Zoof
Em\jno\ nfsftMu' hftof s|||do\ l;sMld ## g+Da/ j NjxFsMld #& g+Da/of hflto\
s||do\ nfsftMu' b' wOu' hfgkmsf/ to\u' egfO vg] b' –pbfo\ ;d'bo 5u' Dx;Lsf–g]jf
;dfh ,;km'_ .
-u_ lzNksf/ hfltof k|flrgtf j lzNksf/ hfltof pTklt M
lzNksf/ hfltof pTklt uan]o\ j ug+ h'n wOu' ;To tYo Yj x] vM wsfM yf}ts
;'gfg yy] x] wsf wfo\ dkm';fg g]kfMof hfqf, kj{, d7, dGbL/, P]ltxfl;s
nfo\s'-b/jf/_ OToflbof jfnf :jo\ano\ Yj hflt cflbsfn+lg;]+ x] g]kfMof cflbjf;L
vM wOu' vg] b' .
#=k/Dk/fut yfo\ afo\
-s_ k/Dk/fut d"n yfo\afo\ M
lzNksf/ hfltof k/Dk/fut d"n yfo\afo\ wOu' g]kfn
d08n-o]F :jflguM_of axL, axfM, laxf, nfo\s' cflb Ifqof ;lts afo\ hvM bofjTj+u' vg]b' . Vjkof 5'+ lzNksf/ kl/jf/tM
vf;ofgf !& j8f t]vfrf] ef/efrf] TjfMof efh' /fwfs[i0f lzNksf/of 5]+
cfu+BM-Oi6b]j_ b'lk+ lzNksf/ vnMt dNnsfno\ =ª\oftkf]n b]uM j %% em\ofM bo]s]t
/fhfof cf1fd'tflas on+ Vjk jof P]ltxfl;s lgdf{0fHofo\ Sjltsof P]ltxfl;s HofM
k"j+sf Vjkof x] t]vfrf] efef{rf] TjfMn :yfOsy+ afo\Rjgfju'v wOu' cfu+BM5]+of
efh' /fwfs[i0f lzNks/ j d]d]lk+ HofyMlhlyto\' egfO vg]b' .M lzNksf/ hflt yf}sg] yMu' k/Dk/fut yfo\afo\
Tjtf o]+ :jlguMn+ lkg]o\ yLyL yf;o\ yfo\afo\ lxsfjgf yMu' Dxl;sf laof x] jofRj+u'
b' .
-v_ efo\ j nhufM M
Yj lzNksf/ ;d'bfo\ o]+ :jlguMof yLyL
cflbjf;L afo\ /}yfg] jf;LGbfy] g]jfM
;d'bfo\ b'g] x] nf . Yj ;d'bfo\of
d"ndFfefo\ g]jfMefo\-g]kfn efiff_ vM .Yj ;d'bfo\ k/fk"j}sfn+log;]+ x]
jf:t' lzNksnf, sfi7snfj cfw'lgs sfi7snfof nhufM-k]zf_ofgf ju'v;fg+ cfMyf}sGx]
jof 5'+ kl/jf/ vnto\;+ yMu' k/Dk/fut nhufMoft xLsf ;do;fIf]k j cg's'n nhufo\
la:yflkt h'ofj+u' vg]b' . @)!& ;fnof /fhg}kts lxpkflnkf 5'+ lzNksf/
kl/jfto\;+ yMu' df}lns y/ lzNksf/-df}lns Dxl;sf_oft lxsf j+u' g vg]b' .lzNksf/
;dfh laro\ wlg j lrldof gfk+ gfk+ /xg ;xg Jojxf/of dte]b+ s'k|efljt h'of '
;dfho\ 5yof\ Rjg] dkmof o]Fof lzNksf/ kl/jf/ vnMto\;+ yMtM Æ:yflktÆhftof ?ko\
Dxl;sf j+u' g vg]b' .
$= hg;+Vof M
a;f]jf;of cfwf/o\ Yj lzNksf/ hfltof hg;+Vof
d'Vo ?ko\ Vjk j ono\ cKj x] b' .
lzNksf/tM wof yMt Dx;Lsf jofRj+lk +o]Fof Yj ;d'bfo\tM VjkMj on+ yL yL
Ono\ a;fO lxnfjof yg :yfoL sy+ a;f]jf;ofgf jofRj+lk+ vg]b' . gfk+ g]kfMb]o\of yL
yL yf;o\ Rjgf jofRjlk+ Yj lznksf/ ;d'bfo\tM g VjkMj on+ x] yfo\afo\ lxnf j+lk+
x] vg]b' . cy];f Yj ;d'bfo\of hg;+Vof g]jfM ;d'bfo\ b'g]nfu' yLyL ;dd'bfo\to\u'
hg;+Vof :jof sdx]hs vg]b' .
%= ;gftg wd{ j ;+:s[lt M
-s_ ;gftg wd{ M
p\bfo= hflt wOlk+ a'Wb wd{
dfg]ofOlk+ v;fg+ pbfo\ nfufo\ nflk+ Yj lzNksf/ hftLof wf;f cKjMofgf ;gftg z}a
dfuL{, a]i0fjL dfuL{-lxGb"_ v . y'u' hftLlk+;+ hGdlg;]+ d[To' ts+of yLyL
;fdflhs ;+:sf/ j 5'+ g+ wd{ sd+of HofvF ofo\df;f k/Dk/flg;]+ BMa|Dx'to\t
/fhpkfWofo\to\t_ k'/f]lxtof HofM ofsf jofRj+u' b' . lzNksf/ hflt lxGb"
dfuL{ vM wOu'of b;' Yj x] vM . Yj hfltof uf]q sZok-sflz_ uf]q vM . Yj hflt+
eujfg >L ljZjsdf{oft-lasMdfBoftM_ yMu' s'nu'?of ?ko\ sof xgf jofRj+u' b' .
cy]x] s'n /5fof nflu+ dflqzlQm-ci6dft[sf_of k'hf cf/fwgfofgf jofRj+u' b' .
-v_ ;+:s[lt M
!=cfu+ j b]vfM-lbIff_
cfu M+– Gx\oMg]nflk+ b'xf+ jg] dHo"u'
BMlk+ :yfkgf ofgftMu' yfo\, tGqdfuL{to\ u'Kt?k+ :yfkgfofgftMu' 5]+ afo \yfo\ x]
cfu+ afo\ cfu+BM vM-;Todf]xg hf]zLof g]jfM vFUj w's" ;km'_ . x/]s hft hflt,pkhflt
j vnMof yMyMu' x] l/ltllylt sy+of cfu+ afo\ cfu+BM b' . cfu+ wOu' oyf{y?ko\
hflt pkhflt jf vnto\u' yMyMu' u'Xo\-u'Kt_ vF j /x:odo vF vM .
b]vfM-lbIff_ M–=cfu+do\ b'xf+
jg]t-k|j]zofo\t_ k/Dk/f j tfGqLs k|s[of j Joj:yf sy+ yMu' s'nof cfu+of l/lltylt
j lgltldo\dof 1fg laof s'nu'?+ laoftMu'
1fg x] lbIff vM f s'n u'?+ laoftgu' jx] lbIffoft lnkf cke|+; ofof+ b]vf wfo\u'
ofgfxu" h'Odf . lbIff afo\ b]vf 5u'
u'Kt-dGq_ g vM . afo\ lbvf w}y' yMu' cfu+ -b'g]of_of vF lkg] ;'Ot+ sg]dt] afo\
sg]dv' wOu' sy+ kfMkmo\sftu-'zky gsftMu'_ 5u' tfGqLs k|s[ofut lalw vM . b]vf
softMlk+s] hg}-Sjvf_ bO{ cno\ y'ld;+ rf]vf]lgToh'of lGxof lGxsy+ hkWofgofgf
lgTosd{ ofo\df .
g]jfM hflt dWo b]vfM dsfos+ ;'g+ yyMu' cfu+do\ b'dYofOlk+ hfltof wnMv] Yj hfltg+ nf . Yj hfltofg+ b]vfM
dsfos+ ;'g cfu+do\ b'dYofOu' k/Dk/fut
lglt b' . b]vfM dsfo\s+ ;'g+ cfu+do\ b'dYofOu' k/Dk/fut lglt+ofgf yMyMu'
cfu+do\ k'hfcfhfo\t gfk+ cfrfh'-sdf{rfo{_to\u' e/o\ \Rjg]dfu' afo\ cfrfh'lklgu'
UjfxfnLsfo\ dfu' Yj hftLof afWotfh'of Rj+u' b' . Yj lglt+ofgf cfu+do\ k'hfcfhf
j bz{g ofo\ gfk+ yf}of Gx"u' k':tfof lzNksf/tM a+lrt h'of Rj+u'hs db'
cfu+BMof cl:tTj x] vt/fo\ nfgfTj+u' vg]b' . cfu+sf]yfo\ n"FofDxBM,
NjxFofDxBM afo\ l;+ofDxBM 5' vM wOu'tsg yf}of k':tf+ dl;o\w'+sn .co\g emL
GxF" k':tfof lzNksf/t b]vfM sfo\t cu|;/tf ;'gfg ofu' db' . b]vfM sfo\w'+sf
rf]vf]lgTo h'of lgTosd{ofgf hkWofg ofo\dfu' emGemt+ ;sNo]+lrnfRj+u' vg]b' .
cy]';f+ ckjfbof ?ko\ 5'+ Yjx] lzNksf/ ;d'bfo\ b'g]wf;f cfu+BMsf]yfo\ k|a]zofo\t
b]vf sfo\dfu' afWorf db' .
b]vfM dsfo\s+ ;'g+ yMyMu' cu++sf]yfo\ b'dYofOu' k/Dk/fut ;+:s[lts
k|fjwfg b'u' Yj lzNksf/ ;d'bfo\of vf;ofgf VjkM t]vfrf] efjf{rf] Tjfof efh'
/ffwfs[i0f lzNksf/h'of 5]+ cfu+-cfu+BM_ b'lk+ lzNksf/ vnMto\ cfu+BM k'hfofo\tM
5'+ h'of 5]+of b]vfM b'lk+ hMtM db'u' cj:yfo\ Yj cFof hfgsf/L tn]h'O laOdfu' j
tn]h'+ vto\ofgf 5\jofxMlk+ cfrfh'+-sdf{rfo{+_ cfu+_BM k'hfofs]dfu' k/Dk/f b'u'
j Yj k/Dk/f yf}g sfo\dx] h'ofjofRj+u' b' . Yj lzNksf/ vnMto\ yf}jof
b]vfMsoftlk+ 5Dxx] hMt dbo\ w'+sn y'ls+ofgf cfu+o\of-cfu+BMof_ u'Kt Sjyfo\ b'g]of
BMof jf:tljs cj:yf 5' uy]v <, cfh'hfh'lk+;+ kln:yfofgf toftsu' BMtM blgnf
< dGtnf < uy] vM < wOu' tsg+ emL;+ dl;o\w'+sn afo\ :o"lk+ 5Dx x]
hMtM dbo\w'+sn . y'laodfd emL lzNksf/ to\u'
cfu+of cl:tTj x] vt/fo| nfgfRj+lu' vg]b' . ;gftg k/Dk/fut cfu+Bmkof l/ltlyltsy+
clgkjfo{ b]vfsof hgO Sjvfo\ dflk+ t/ xi\ld+ v]vf b]vfMdsfu' hgO db'lk+ Yj lzNksf/ vnMto\
df]xgL gvMavt]o\ s'nl5 d'gf s"l5\Ejo\ gOano\ 5Gx"oflglt+;f+ b]vfoMof
k|lts hgO{ Vo\;u+gfk+ Sjfvf-hgO{_ nNxfgfsof 5Gx"hs;f+ Sjvfof b]vfM
sfo\dfu' yMu' cfu+BMof k/Dk/fut ;f+:s[lt l/lltlyltof Djfsfto=u' s'tMofgf
jofRj+u' b' .
@= odrfM yg]u' -`Fofk'lGx abo\ odfBM yg]u'_
^=cfly{s l:ylt M
Yj ;d'bfo\to\;+ yMu' k/Dk/fut k]zfoft Gxfkf+lg;] x] s'lt/ pBf]u j 3/]n'
pBf]uof sy+ x] hs Gx\ofsf jof pBf]uof sy+ gx\ofj+s] dkm'u'ln+ Yj ;dfhof cfly{s
l:ylt vf; x] pGgltofo\ km'u' vg]db' x] wfo\df . cy];f+ Gxkf+lg;]+ ofgfjjofRj+u'
lyldu' nhufM w}u' s'lt/ poBf]u, 3/]n' pBf]u j k|flalws HofM h'u'ln+ y'lds] b'u'
d]xgltkg, ;Lk j 1fg+ofgfM yMyMu' hLjgof cfwf/e't cfjZoQmf k'/fofgfM g+ gvMrvM
u'ly OToflb xg] sg]ofgf Rjg] km'u'ln+ cfly{s l:ylt dWod x] wfo\df .
&= z}lIfs l:ylt M
a+;fg'ut
j k'vf{ sy+ x] Yj hflt+ k/Dk/fut k]zf sM3fgf
jofRj+u'ln+ cfw'lgs lzIff lbIff sfo\u'ln+ Yj ;d'bfo Gx\Hofu' vf; x] vg ]db' .
cy];f+ yf}of lzNksf/to\u' z}lIfs l:ylt :jnwfM;f d]d]lk+ :jof Sjx\o+ dh' . Yj
lzNksf/ ;d'bfo\ b'g] g+ 8fÞÞS6/, O{lhlgo/, ;LP, k|fljlws j lk=r=8L= ofgftMlk+ j
d] d] u'ln+ g pRrlzIff xflifn ofgtMlk+ j ofgfRj+lk+ a'n'+x' ckf] h'h'+ j+u'
vg]b' .
*= ;fdflhs cj:yf j l/ltlylt M
g]kfM b'g]of x/]s hf hfltof yMyMu' la:s+u' ;fdflhs
;+:Ssf/ Joj:yf h'ofjofRj+u' b' . hflt ;d'bfo\ Dx;Ls]u' 5u' dfWod hft hflt+sM3fgfjofRj+u' afo\ Joj:yfofgf jofRu+u' afo\ 5\onfanfMo\
jofRj+u' yLyL ;fdflhs ;+:sf.tM vM .
g]jfM ;dfh+ Joj:yfofgf xgfjofj+u' yLyL ;dflhs ;+:sf/ g]jfM ;dfh+ b'g] x] g yLyL
hft hflt j yfo\afo\ :jog 5'+ etL kfM;fg+ cKjM wofy]+ ;dfgftf x] vg]b' . emL
g]jfM to\;+ Joj:yfofgf sM3fgf xgf jofRj+u' a';flg;]+ l; w'+sftfsof d"s+ !)
u' ;fdflhs ;+:sf/ Jo:yffofgftMu' b' . Yj
!) u' ;fdflhs ;+:sf/oft bzsd{ ;+:sf/ wfo\u'ofM . Yj lzNksf/ ;d'bfo\to\ d]d]lk+
h]jfM d;'bfo\lklgy]+ x] a';flg;]+ l;ano\tsof ofo\dfu' bzsd{ ;+:sf/ yMu'
xl/ltlylt j kxMg+ ;+:sf/tM xgfjofRj+u' b' . drf a'of Jjng] w'+sfM a'/fa'/Lh'of
;Lw'+sf ts +Yj ;d'bfog+ ofo\dfu' !) u' ;fdflhs l/ltlylt j ;+:sf/tM yy] b' M
– -s_ hGd ;+:sf/ - drf Kjfyo\ b'ano\
afo\lg;]+ afo\ drf a'Ogx\oM j drf a'Ow'+sf ofo\dfu' l/ltlylt j ;+:sf/tM_, -v_
drf h+Sj-kf:gL_, -u_ a'Flb-hGdlGx+_ xg]u'. -3_ a';F vfo\u', -ª_ so\tf k'hf, -3+_ Olx -a]n?lk
dxfBM ;flIftof ;'j0f{ s'df/?lk -lx/0o k"?if _gf/f+BM gfk+ h'Ou' 5u' Olxkf –
g]jfM Dxfo\drft uan]+ x] lawjf dh'os]t g]jfMto\;+ s3fgf jofRj+u' 5u' la:s+
g]jfM lylt – Olx g]jfM lylt ;+Gwiof 6fOD; klGxkf} g]+=;+= !!#@ l;nYj ÷@)^*df3
@@ cfOtafM_, -r_ afMÅfM, -5_ Olxkf-laafx_., -h_ HofM h+Sj j -em_ ;L w'+sf
ofo\u' HofvF-d[To';+:sf/_t vM .
(= ;f+:s[lts laz]itf
-s_
wfld{s ;+:s[lt M– != ggL-Tofu+k'kf
k'hf , @= lbu'-b]o\u'_ k'hf , #= ;;' k'hf, $= laZjsdf{ k'h, %= vf]/;L >f4, j
^= odrf yg]u' ,;f]Å>f4, j gjb'uf{ xg]u' .
-v_
;fdflhs ;+:s[lt M– hft Ejo\, -lzNksf/ ;d'bfo\ hs Rjgf gOu' 5u' aGb;}S;gof Ejo\_ j yLyL
u'7L xg]u' .
!)= g]jfM ;dfho\ b'g] lzNksf/ ju{of
e"ldsf M–
o]F :jlguM b'g] 5]+of cfw'lgs Olhlgol/+u k|ljlw b'xf+ djMlgano\ Yj
lzNksf/-sMld, l;+sMld, :yflkt_y/lk;+ x] 5]+, nfo\s', kmNrf,;t, b]uM OToflb
lgdf{0fof Hofo\ hu :jfo\u'lg;]+sof l;+ofu' dfSj Hofo\ d'Vo k|fljlwsof
e"ldsf lDxtfjofRj+u' vM .
Gxfkf+lg;]+ l;+of Hof ofgfjof Rj+u'ln+ y'ldtM Jojxfl/s vFNnfanfo\ sMls afo\
l;+sMld wsf ;+Daf]wgofgf jofRj+u' vM . l;+Hofof k|v/ 1ftfto\tM sMld gfoM
;Daf]wgofgf 5]+ ,nfo\\s' afo\ b]uM 5'+ g lgdf{0fof Hof k"jlgano\-sfo{
;DkGg_ h'Oano\ knL+ lrgf w'l/ k'hfofgf sMld gfoMoft a]tfnL+rLsf xgfagfofo\u'
k/Dk/f emL g]jfM ;dfho] b' . g]kfMof
k'nfk'nf+u' Pltxfl;s j k'/ftflTjs snfTds
‰ofM , n'vf, Tjfgfl;+ OToflb b'u' b]uM, nfo\s' afo\ 5]+of lgdf{0f Hofo\ Yj lzNksf/to\;+ d'Vo
e"ldsf lDxtfj+u' b' .
o]+ :jlguMof g]jfMto\u' k'n+f k'nf+u' 5]+o\of snfTds sdn ‰ofM, sfM ‰ofM,
s'+ ‰ofM, uM ‰ofM, ufM ‰ofM, uf] ‰ofM, 5kf ‰ofM, ltls ‰ofM, wg'kf]tf xb{ ‰ofM,
kGr ‰ofM,kf;'vf ‰ofM, afs' ‰ofM, Dxoo\vf ‰ofM, ;"o{d"vL ‰ofM, ofs'
‰ofM, ;+ ‰ofM, :jvf em\ofM b]z] db' em\ofM OToflb ct'nlgo\ sfi7snfof snfTds em\ofMtM
Yj lzNksf/ ;d'bfo\of snfTds j l;h{glzn dfg;ktno\ sNkgfh'u' snfTds lzk j snfoft yMu' d]xgt j l;h{gl;n
Nxft+ d't{ cfsf/ laof 5]+of clt :jef bo\s]u' Hofo\ tMw+u' e"ldsf lDxtfju'
b'
!!= lzNksf/ ;dfh M
-s_ lzNksff/ ;dfhof Oltxf; M
@))& ;fno\ hxflgof
/f0ffzf;gof cGt h'of k|hftGq pbo\ h'Ow'+sf bSjIfqof hft hflt ;d'bfo\to\;+ ;Ë7Lt
h'of yMyMu' hflto xs clwsf/of
lglt+ Gx\oMHof jgfTj+u' em\jno\ Yj ;d'bfo\to\;+ g+ o\+ 6]axfMof efh' z+s/
lzNksf/h'of gfoMno\-cWoIftfo\¬_
Gxfkf+v';L lzNksf/ ;+3 kln:yf h'u' vF VjkM efjf{rf]o 5]+ h'ofcfMyf}sg] o]+ goFfahfo/
RjgflbDx efh' nIdLeQm lzNksf/h'of egfO vg]b' . jo\s efh'of egfO{
sy+ j kln:yf h'u' lzNksf/ ;+3o\
dxf;lrjo\ VjkM efef{rf]of :j=k|]daxfb'/ lzNksf/ j b'hMtMno\-;bZotM_ efh' l6sf
lzNksf/,efh' /Tg lzNksf/, efh' a]vf lzNksf/ j :j=efh' k"0f{eQm lzNksf/ b'
wOu' yMt n'd+tno\of ;+3of kbflwf/Lto\u' gf+ n'd+sf woflb . co\no\ j ;+3o\ o\+
on j VjkMof lzNksf/tM b'Yofu' vF g woflb . @)!& ;fnof /fhg}lts Xo"kf
lnkf j;+3-;Ë_lg:s[o\ h'h+jgf lzNksf/ lzNksf/ laro \g km'6 h'of o]+of lzNksf/
;d'bfo\to\;+ yMu' df}lns Dx;Lsf-klxrfg_ x] lxsf-kl/jt{g_ofgf j+u' vF g+ jo\s
efh''+of egfO{ b' .
-v_ lzNksf/ ;dfhof cfjZoQmf j lzNksf/ ;dfh gL:jgf-:yfkgf_ M
lzNksf; ;dfho\ ;f+:s[lts,
wfld{s j ;fdflhs l/ltlylt sy+of ;f+:s[lts HofM j yLyL ;+:sf/of Hof ofo\t
d]d]u' g]jfM ;d'bfo]y]+ x] Yj ;d'bfo\
b'g] g Gxfkflg;]+ x] yLyL u'yL ;+rfngofgf jofRj+u' v;f g Yj ;d'bo\of kl/jf/ j
;dfh b'g] jOu' u'u' g cj:yf j ;d:ofoft d}lqk'0f{, ;befjsy+ Ps cfk;o] ;dGjogofgf
;fd'lx sy+ ;dfwfg ofo\u' tfTjgf j lrQf;'tof UjxfnL ofOu'of gfk+ hflto\ xs
clwsf/ j cl:tTjof ;M;Qm ;MtOu' Gx"sy+of 5u' yMu' hflto\ ;fdflhs ;dfh ;+u7Lt h'Odfu' lzNksf/
;d'bfo\ b'g] cfjZiQmf h'of Rj+u' oyf{tf jfMrfo\sf gkfnd08nof VjkM b]zo\ k|flrg
o'ulg;]= k/Dk/fut sy+ j;f]jf;ofgf jofRj+lk+ Yj lzNksf/ j NjxFsMld-lznfsf/_ hflt
;d'bfo\ dWo\ Vjk+ yLyLOno\ o\+ a;fO ;/]h'of jofRj+lk ;+ko'Qm vnM kl/jf/of
:j=efh' xl/eQm lzNksf/ j :j= efh' u0f]zs'df/ lznfsf/h'lk+ lgDxl;of larfM j ;'emfj
sy+ efh' nIdLeQm lzNksf/h'of ;s[o\tfo\ g]=;+= ÷ @)$# ;fno\ lzNksf/ j lznfsf/ ;+o'Qm
;dfhof HofyM :j= efh' u0f]zs'df/ lznfsf/h'of gfoMno\-cWoIftfo\_ lzNksf/ ;+:sf/
;ldlt -u'7L_ kln:yf h'u'- lzNksf/ ;+:sf/ u'7L Dxl;sf , lzNksf/ Dxl;sf ;km' !!#@
_ j lnkf g]+=;+= @)%!
;fno\ VjkMof efh' /fh]; lzNksf/-vfFg_of gfoMno\-cWoIftfo\_ lzNksf/ o'jf ;+3
kln:yf h'of lnkf jx] o'jf ;+3 k/Ldflht h'of ælzNksf/ ;dfh g]kfn æ of gfd+
?kfGt/Lt h'of ;dfh gL:ju' vM .
!@= lnvF M
g]jfM b]o\of snf ;+:s[ltoft lhjGt ?k ljofM la1 j snfsf/of ?ko\ kl/lrt
h'of Rj+lk Gxfkfof lzNkL l;+sMld gfoMt -jf:t'la4 t_ yf}sGxo\ cfw'lgs ef;+
æcfls{6]sÆ Gxfkf+lg;]+ yf}+of a}1flgs o'u -gL5u"u' ztfAbL_ ts g+ yMu'
lzNksnfof 1fg ;Gtltto\t x:tfGt/0f ofofF -nNxfgf+_ Djfsf tot ;kmn h'ofRj+u' b' .
lzNksnfof wgL /fli6«o lae"lt c/lgsf] yhflk+ cfh' cfhfh'lklgu' kfnf+lg;]+ yMu'
nhufM oft Gx+s] dlap;]+ g]kfM b]o\of uf}/a usfo]u' ln;]+ yf}+ts Djfsf tot ;kmn
g+ h'ofRj+u' b' .
;n+;MbF
Gx\oM l;+sMld lzNksf/ j Nxf]FsMld -lznfsf/_ ;d'bfoof cfh' chfh'lk+; b'Mv l;ofM yMu'
Nxft+ l;h{gf ofgfM bo]sftMu' ljZj;Dkbf ;"lrno nfu' gf+hfMu' P]ltxfl;s
k'/ftflTjs snfTds w/f]x/ dWo] Vjkof nfos" b/jf/,lgGofkf Em\of Goftfkf}
b]uM, rfFu'gf/fo0f b]uM, o]+of x'gdfg9f]sf nfos" b/jf/, tn]h' b]uM, onof
nfos" b/jf/, b]zod? ‰ofM, yLyL b]uno\ l;h{gf ofgftMu' rf}/f;L cf;go'Qm
Tjfgf l;+ cflb j g]kf b]o\of yLyL yf;o\ Rj+u' sfi7snf j k|:t/snf+ yf}+ ljZjo\
emLt Dx;Lsf Rj+u' b' .
Oltxf;of
yLyL sfnv08o\ zf;sto;+ yf]k/]]ofu' ofu' ;+:sf/, ;+:s[lt, ljlw, Jojxf/, wd{ j
k/+k/foft l;/f]k/ j cfb]zoft kfngf ofof+ g]kfM d08nof yLyL yf;o\ jf:t'snf
lzNksf/ -l;+sMld_ j lznfsf/ hftLto;+ yMyMu' lzk+ ct'ngLo snfTds sfi7snf j
lznfsnf d'lt{ tM >[hgf :yfkgf ofgf yMu' ;GtlttotM yMyMu' klxrfg -Dxl;sf_ of
5fk Tjtfj+u' oyfy{tf lGxGxo\of lgefy]F k|:tx] h'of Rj+u' vg]b' .
ljZjof
Gxog] lemMu' lzNksnf+ g]kfM b]o\oft Dx;Lsf Rj+u' hs dv';]F cfhf cfhfh'lk+;
>[hgf ofgf gf;f]of?ko\ lemt TjMtf j+u' jx] lzNkL ;d'bfo\of snfTds
>[hgfoft cjnf]sg ofMjlk+ ljb]zL kfxf+t kfv]+ /fHo+ lGx+ sf]6L sf]6L-s/f}8f}_
bfF cfDbfgL ofgf jofRj+u' ;ls;g+ :o"u' x] vF vM . u'DxM k'vf{of lxrMlt+
>[hgf ofu' snfTds >[hgf+ /fHoof cfDbfgL hsM h'of Rj+u' dv'ls ljZjof Gxog]
b]zoftx] DxM;Lsf ljofjofRj+u' b' . yf}+ jx] k'vf{of ;Gtltto\u' Dx;Lsf Gxgf
jgLu' cj:yfo\ Yo+u' vg] b' . uf}/ado\ lzNksf/ j lznfsf/of ?ko\ RjgfRj+u' yMu'
Dx;Lsf -klxrfg_ yf} jof lzNkL HofdLof dfglrqo\ l;ldt h'h'+ jgf Dx;Lsf x]
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j lzNksf/ Dx;Lsf ;km' g]=;+' !!#@_ .
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